Примерные тестовые задания по теме «Великобриткания»

Задание №1.

Заполните пропуски:

_________________is the largest island of the British Isles.

· the Isle of Man

· Great Britain

· the Isle of Wight

Задание №2.

Заполните пропуски:

The UK consists of four parts: England, Scotland, _____________ and Northern Ireland.

· Java

· the Orkneys

· Wales

Задание №3

Заполните пропуски:

_________________________is the most famous English playwright.

· Ben Jonson

· William Shakespeare

· John Webster

Задание №4

Заполните пропуски:

Formally the Head of state in the UK is the __________________.

· Emperor

· Queen

· Premier

Задание №5

Заполните пропуски:

The second name of football is ___________________.

· soccer

· squash

· snooker

Задание №6

Заполните пропуски:

The climate of Great Britain is milder then other countries of the Northern Hemisphere because of the_______________.

· North Atlantic Stream

· South Pacific Stream

· Gulf Stream

The United States of America

Flag Great Seal
Capital	Washington,D.C. 38°53′N, 77°02′W
Largest city	New York City
Government	Federal constitutional republic
-	President	George W. Bush
Area
-	Total	9,631,420 km²
-	Water (%)	4.87

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic made up of 50 states, one federal district, and several territories. Situated largely in the western hemisphere, its forty-eight contiguous states and the District of Columbia (coextensive with Washington, the capital) lie in central North America between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bounded on land by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south; Alaska is in the northwest of the continent with Canada to its east, and Hawaii is in the mid-Pacific. Insular areas are scattered throughout the Americas and Pacific.

At over 3.7 million square miles (over 9.6 million km²) and with more than 300 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and population. A liberal democracy, the U.S. is one of the world's most ethnically and socially diverse nations. American society is the product of large-scale immigration and is home to a complex social structure as well as a wide array of household arrangements.

The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain who declared their independence on July 4, 1776.

The Continental United States are bounded by the North Atlantic Ocean to the east, the North Pacific Ocean to the west, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Canada to the north. Alaska, the largest state in area, is bound by Canada to its east, the Pacific Ocean to its south, the Arctic Ocean to its north, and the Bering Strait to the west. The state of Hawaii occupies an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, southwest of the North American mainland. Several territories, such as Puerto Rico and Guam, are largely held for their past or present strategic value to the military. Deciduous vegetation and grasslands prevail in the eastern U.S., transitioning to prairies, boreal forests, and the Rocky Mountains in the west, and deserts in the southwest. In the northeast, the coasts of the Great Lakes and Atlantic seaboard host much of the country's population. Barring exceptions such as Guam and the easternmost portions of Alaska, nearly all of the United States lays in the western hemisphere.

Due to its large size and wide range of geographic features, the United States contains examples of nearly every global climate. The climate is temperate in most areas, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in coastal California, and arid in the Great Basin. Extreme weather is not uncommon, as the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes and most of the world's tornadoes occur within the Continental United States. That said, infrequent severe drought in the major agricultural regions, a general lack of widespread flooding, and a mainly temperate climate that receives adequate precipitation helped make the nation a world leader in agriculture.

The United States of America consists of 50 states and one federal district, the District of Columbia. The conterminous forty-eight states — all the states but Alaska and Hawaii — are also called the contiguous United States or the "lower 48" and occupy much of central North America. Alaska is separated from the contiguous U.S. by Canada; together, they comprise the continental United States. Hawaii, the fiftieth state, is situated in the Pacific.

In addition to those territories labeled on the map, the United States also holds several other territories. Palmyra Atoll is the United States' only incorporated territory; but it is unorganized and uninhabited. The United States Minor Outlying Islands consist of uninhabited islands and atolls in the Pacific and Caribbean Sea. In addition, since 1898, the United States Navy has held an extensive naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba.

The United States is a diverse and multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups and cultures. The culture held in common among most Americans has evolved from that of colonial Dutch and English settlers. English, German, and Irish cultures and later Italian, Greek, and Eastern European Jewish cultures had a significant influence on modern American culture. Descendants of enslaved West Africans preserved some cultural traditions from West Africa in the early United States. Geographical place names largely reflect the combined English, Dutch, French, German, Spanish, and Native American components of U.S. history.

Brought to the United States by the American Dream, the idea that a person can gain a better life through mere perseverance, these immigrant cultures blended together. The effect can be described as a melting pot, immigrants from other cultures bring unique cultural aspects which are incorporated into the larger American culture and adopt features of the mainstream culture. Alternatively, it can also be seen as a salad bowl, in which immigrant cultures retain some of their unique characteristics while culturally intermingling

The iconic Hollywood sign

The birth of cinema, as well as its development, largely took place in the United States. In 1878, the first recorded instance of sequential photographs capturing and reproducing motion was Eadweard Muybridge's series of a running horse, which the British-born photographer produced in Palo Alto, California, using a row of still cameras. Since then, the American film industry, based in Hollywood, California, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world. Other genres that originated in the United States and spread worldwide include the comic book and Disney's animated films.

Americans have produced much notable literature across genres — its citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature twelve times. Toni Morrison became the most recent recipient in 1993. The genre of literature which captures the American essence in its narrative is the 'Great American Novel'. The term has been used to describe Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, and J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.

Music also traces to the country's diverse cultural roots through an array of styles. Rock, pop, soul, hip hop, country, blues, and jazz are among the country's most internationally renowned genres. Since the late 19th century, popular recorded music from the United States has become increasingly known across the world, such that some forms of American popular music are heard almost everywhere.

Mount Rushmore, a sculpture of four prominent American presidents

Sports are a national pastime, and playing sports, especially football, baseball, basketball, and ice hockey. Youths are encouraged to participate in sports starting from pee-wee leagues, through high-school, into college and eventually culminating in professional sports, which in the U.S. is a sizable business venture. Auto racing has also enjoyed a surge in popularity since the 1970s. However, American Football is arguably the most popular spectator sport in the United States.

Eight Olympiads have taken place in the United States, with the premier Summer Olympics being held four times (St. Louis 1904, Los Angeles 1932 and 1984, and Atlanta 1996). In terms of medals won, the United States ranks second all-time in the Winter Games, with 216 (78 gold, 81 silver, and 59 bronze), and first in the Summer Games, with 2,321 (943 gold, 736 silver, and 642 bronze)

West Front of the United States Capitol which houses the United States Congress.

The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation, a representative democracy with a government regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the United States Constitution. Citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, at federal, state, and local levels, although most areas are also subject to multiple local governments, such as county or metropolitan governments in addition to municipal government. Officials at all three levels are either elected by voters in a secret ballot or appointed by other elected officials. Executive and legislative offices are decided by a plurality vote of citizens in their respective districts. Judicial and cabinet-level offices are nominated by the Executive branch and approved by the Legislature in the federal government and most states, although some state judges are elected by popular vote.

The north side of the White House, the home and work place of the President.

The federal government comprises three branches, which are designed to check and balance one another's powers:Legislative: The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, which makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the rarely used power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. Executive: The President, who appoints, with Senate approval, the Cabinet and other officers, who administers and enforces federal law, can veto bills, and is Commander in Chief of the military. Judiciary: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the President with Senate approval, which interpret laws and can overturn laws they deem unconstitutional.

The United States Constitution is the supreme legal document in the American system, and serves as a social contract for the people of the United States, regulating their affairs through government chosen by and populated by the people. All laws and procedures of both state and federal governments are subject to review, and any law ruled by the judicial branch to be in violation of the Constitution is overturned. The Constitution can be amended by two methods, both of which require the approval of three-fourths of the states. The Constitution has been amended 27 times, the last time in 1992.

The economic system of the United States can be described as a capitalist mixed economy. Although private organizations constitute the bulk of the economy, government activity accounts for 36 percent of the GDP. Most businesses in the U.S. are not corporations and sole proprietorships with no payroll. Both the regulatory burden on its companies and its social safety net are smaller than in most developed nations. The United States GDP of more than $13 trillion constitutes 22 percent of the gross world product.The nation ranks as the third or eighth highest GDP per capita, according to the International Monetary Fund.

The economy is fueled by an abundance in natural resources, well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity. Americans tend to work considerably more hours annually, take less vacation, and produce more an hour than workers in other developed nations, increasing productiveness and GDP. 79% of Americans are employed in the service sector. The United States is the largest importer of goods and second largest exporter. Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top five trading partners.

Administrative divisions of the USA