1. Why is Approach Control considered to be the link between Area and Aerodrome Control?
2. What does Approach Control ensure?
3. Where is an arriving aircraft transferred from Area to Approach Control?
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4. When is it necessary to put the arriving aircraft into the holding pattern? 5. Where are holding patterns published?
6. Which aircraft is the priority given to?
7. How do you understand the term ‘approach sequence’? 8. How is traffic separated at airfields without radar?
9. What is the decision height?
10. What is Expected Approach Time?
11. How long does it normally take to complete let-down procedure? 12. Describe a Timed Approach Procedure.
13. Find a synonym to the term ‘ a handover ’ in Text 2.
14. Why does the controller pass headings to the pilot during approach? How is this procedure called?
15. What closing heading is recommended to intercept the ILS? 16. Where is minimum separation used? Name the figure.
17. Why is speed control used?
18. When does Approach Control transfer the arriving aircraft to Tower? 19. Give examples of Approach Control Phraseology.
20. What is STAR?
Vocabulary Practice
Ex. 189*. Fill in the chart to find the other parts of speech. Use your dictionary where necessary. Check the pronunciation.
| NOUN | VERB | ADJECTIVE |
| 1. assistance | assist | assistant |
| 2. … | alter | … |
| 3. division | … | … |
| 4. … | prohibit | … |
| 5. … | … | training |
| 6. instruction | … | … |
| 7. … | … | optimum |
| 8. achievement | … | … |
| 9. … | vacate | … |
| 10. coordination | … | … |
Ex. 190*. Form nouns from the verbs.
To achieve, to coordinate, to assist, to vacate, to prohibit, to alter, to complicate, to divide, to train, to obstruct, to transfer, to consider, to prevent, to continue, to report, to inform, to clear, to re-strict, to refer, to warn, to instruct, to depend, to occupy, to release, to propose, to assume, to serve.
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Ex. 191. Decode these abbreviations:
| EAT | Expected Approach Time |
| SID | |
| NDB | |
| PAR | |
| ETA | |
| TMA | |
| SAR | |
| ILS | |
| STAR |
Ex. 192. A: Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions where necessary.
1. Alerting the safety services … case … accident or emergency, as well as the report-ing … pilots … any unserviceable naviga-tional or lighting equipment are responsibili-ties of Tower.
2. The Ground Movement Control responsi-bility covers aircraft moving … the apron and aircraft and vehicles … the manoeuvr-ing area except … runways and their access points.
3. To assist the controllers … monitoring the positions … traffic … the runways and taxiways many airports are equipped … ground movement radar … operations … bad visibility.
4. The pilot joins … the crosswind leg … the upwind end … the active runway, while watching … departing traffic.
5. Approach Control ensures that IFR aircraft arrive … an orderly sequence and that VFR traffic is directed … a position from which it can join … the visual circuit … conflictions … IFR traffic.
6. Before the aircraft comes … the Approach frequency, an arriving aircraft is transferred … Area … Approach … a specified release point, a position, or level agreed … the tele-phone … the two controllers
7. One way to achieve safely, if there is a circuit traffic, is to instruct the trainer to ex-tend downwind leg until he has the arriving traffic … sight and then to follow … it.
8. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is nowa-days confined mainly … military ATC but it is still … common use … civil airports … Russia to monitor ILS and other instrument approaches.
B: Scan the text again to check your answers.
Ex. 193. Match aviation terms with their definitions. Example: 3 – C.
Decision height
Manoeuvring area
STAR
SID
a. a preplanned instrument flight rule air traffic control departure pro-cedure printed for pilot use in graphic and / or textual form to provide transition from the terminal to the appropriate enroute structure.
b. An instrument approach wherein final approach is begun without first having executed a procedure turn.
c. a preplanned instrument flight rule air traffic control arrival proce-dure published for pilot use in graphic and / or textual form to provide transition from the enroute structure to an outer fix or an instrument approach fix / arrival waypoint in the terminal area.
d. A specified altitude or height in the precision approach at which a
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ATIS
Squawk
Tower
IFR straight–in ap-proach
Threshold