Unit 4. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

 

1. country – страна
2. island – остров
3. plain – равнина
4. lake – озеро
5. square – квадрат, квадратный
6. vary – различаться
7. rest – остальная часть
8. influence – влиять (на), влияние
9. mild – мягкий (о климате)
10. develop – развивать
11. producer – производитель
12. aircraft – самолет
13. chief – главный, основной
14. be engaged in – заниматься (чем-л.); быть занятым в (чем-л.)
15. custom – обычай
16. educational – образовательный
17. head – глава
18. state – государство
19. rule – управлять

 

Упр. 1. Найдите близкие по значению слова

vary do

mild country

aircraft major

chief differ

be engaged in not cold

state airplane

Упр. 2. Вставьте следующие слова в предложения

island plain square rest develop

1. The territory of the country is 140,000 …….. kilometers.
2. This ……….. is separated from the continent by the sea.
3. There is a ………. in the centre of the country; all the ……… is mountainous.
4. They ……….. the industry and the science of the country.

Упр. 3. Вставьте предлоги в предложения, если они необходимы

1. Strong winds from the ocean influence … the climate … the country.
2. The population of the country is engaged … tourism and agriculture.
3. There are some mountains … this island.
4. The head … the state is the president.
5. This country is situated … the southern part … Europe.

Упр. 4. Переведите предложения на английский язык

1. Северная и южная части страны отличаются.
2. Океан влияет на климат страны.
3. Это государство находится на острове.
4. Эта компания - главный производитель самолетов в стране.
5. Обычаи и традиции влияют на жизнь людей.

Упр. 5. Прочитайте и переведите текст о Великобритании

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland.

The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometers; it takes the 75^th place among other countries in the world. The population is more than 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban. The capital of the country is London. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel which is 34 km wide in its narrowest point. The country is also washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western parts of the country are mountainous and this territory is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not long. The most important of them are the Severn, the Thames and the Trent. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. 7 per cent of the population is engaged in farming.

Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centers are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centers of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive.

The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the elected government with a Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It sits in the House of Parliament in Westminster. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.

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the English Channel – пролив Ламанш

the Irish Sea – Ирландское море

the Celtic Sea – Кельтское море

the House of Commons – Палата Общин (нижняя палата парламента Великобритании)

the Labour party – лейбористская партия

Упр. 6. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is the official name of Great Britain?

2. Where is the U. K. situated?

3. What parts does it consist of?

4. What is the territory and the population of the U. K.?

5. What city is the capital of the U. K.?

6. Describe the surface of the country.

7. Are there any big lakes and rivers?

8. Why is the climate of the British Isles milder than that of the Continent?

9. The U. K. is a highly developed country, isn’t it? What goods does the British industry produce?

10. What chief cities are there in Great Britain?

11. What famous people of Great Britain do you know?

12. Are there any big educational institutions in the U. K.?

13. What is the name of the Queen of Great Britain? Is her power limited by Parliament?

14. How many chambers does the British Parliament consist of? What are they?

15. What are the main political parties in Great Britain?

16. Who is the Prime Minister of the U. K.? Which political party does he represent?

Упр. 7. Завершите следующие предложения

1. The United Kingdom consists of …

2. The British Parliament consists of …

3. There are the following political parties in Great Britain …

4. There are some famous educational centers such as …

5. The United Kingdom is situated on …

6. The British Isles are washed by …

7. The Queens rights are limited by …

8. The territory of Great Britain is …

9. The population is …

Упр. 8. Скажите, верны ли данные утверждения

1. The climate of the country is much milder than that of Russia.

2. The English Channel separates England from France.

3. The highest body of state power in the United Kingdom is the Congress which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

4. The country is washed by 3 seas and 1 ocean.

5. The main rivers of Great Britain are Southampton, York, Manchester, Edinburgh and others.

6. Highlands are situated in the southern part of England.

Упр. 9. Переведите предложения на английский язык

1. Англия, Уэльс, Шотландия и Северная Ирландия – это части Соединенного Королевства.

2. Ла-Манш отделяет Великобританию от континента.

3. Северная Ирландия была первой колонией Англии.

4. Великобритания – крупнейший производитель железа и стали, электронного и машинного оборудования и самолетов.

5. 80% населения страны живет в городах, главные из которых – Лондон, Кардифф, Манчестер, Ливерпуль, Глазго, Эдинбург, Ньюкасл, Йорк и другие.

Упр. 10. Посмотрите на карту Великобритании и ответьте на вопросы

1. What are the main cities of the UK?

2. What are the major islands of the UK?

3. What rivers of the UK are shown?

4. What are the capital cities of the four parts of the UK?

5. What seas and channels wash the UK?

6. What country does the UK border on?

 

Упр. 11. Расскажите об Объединенном Королевстве Великобритании и Северной Ирландии

 

 

 

 

Unit 5. London

1. century – век
2. several – несколько
3. numerous – многочисленный
4. include – включать
5. masterpiece – шедевр
6. cathedral – собор
7. fortress – крепость
8. palace – дворец
9. queen – королева
10. stretch – простираться, протягиваться
11. foot (feet) – фут (футы) (английская мера длины, равная 30 см)
12. famous – известный
13. take place – происходить
14. wealth – богатство
15. busy – занятой, оживленный
16. various – различный, разнообразный
17. attract – привлекать
18. customer – покупатель, клиент
19. different – разный, различный
20. in the memory of – в память о
21. victory – победа
22. battle – битва, сражение
23. middle – середина
24. opposite – напротив
25. art – искусство
26. rich – богатый
27. resident – житель
28. inhabit – населять, жить
29. fascinating – очаровательный, потрясающий

 

Упр. 1. Найдите сходные по значению слова

include live

famous different

various well-known

middle inhabitant

fascinating contain

resident center

inhabit beautiful

Упр. 2. Вставьте слова в предложения

masterpiece stretch foot take place attract opposite

1. The city ……… along the river.
2. One English ……. is equal to 30 centimeters.
3. The museum contains several ………. of ancient sculpture.
4. The library is situated …………. the Art Gallery.
5. The exhibition ……… in June. It will ………… many visitors.

 

Упр. 3. Завершите предложения

1. A woman who rules a country and is a monarch is …………….
2. When an army wins, it is called ……………..
3. A person who buys something is ……………
4. 100 years is called ……………..
5. A place where a monarch lives is ………………
6. When a person has many different things to do, he is …………….
7. When everybody knows the person, he is …………….

Упр. 4. Переведите предложения на английский язык

1. В этом районе живут богатые люди.
2. Улица названа в память об этой победе.
3. Разнообразные магазины привлекают многочисленных покупателей.
4. Известное сражение произошло здесь в 1812 году.
5. В этом очаровательном дворце жила королева.
6. Сколько жителей населяет Лондон?

Упр. 5. Прочитайте и переведите текст про Лондон

London

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic, and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world (together with Tokyo and New York) and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million people.

London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old. It has more than a 20century-old history. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other.

The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live in the City but over a million come to work here. Two masterpieces are situated within the City: St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London. St. Paul’s Cathedral was built in the 17^th century by Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was built in the 11^th century. It was used as a fortress, a palace, and a prison. Now it is a museum.

Westminster is an aristocratic official part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace where the Queen lives and the Houses of Parliament stretching for nearly 1000 feet along the north bank of the Thames.

The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as “Big Ben”. Westminster Abbey is the place where coronation of nearly all kings and queens has taken place. Many of them are buried here as well as some other famous people of the country (G. Chaucer, Newton, Ch. Dickens, T. Hardy, R. Kipling, etc.).

The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is a symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks, and houses are situated there. English aristocracy lives in this region. One of the busiest streets in the West End is Oxford Street. There are many various shops here which attract customers from different countries of the world.

Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in the memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson’s Column stands in the middle of the square.

Opposite the Nelson monument is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. They contain the finest art collections in the world. Not far from the National Gallery is the British Museum which is famous for its rich library (about 7,000,000 books).

The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London is also there. The region is densely populated by workers. Old residents of the East End are called cockneys which means “true Londoners”, people who have been inhabiting this area for many centuries. They love the district very much.

Despite its heavy traffic and smog London is without doubt one of the most fascinating cities in the world.

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the Bank of England – Английский банк

the Stock Exchange – Лондонская фондовая биржа

the Old Bailey – Центральный уголовный суд, находящийся в Олд-Бейли

St. Paul’s Cathedral – Собор святого Павла

the Houses of Parliament – здание парламента

Buckingham Palace – Букингемский дворец

Westminster Abbey – Вестминстерское аббатство

Oxford Street – Оксфорд-стрит

Trafalgar Square – Трафальгарская площадь

Nelson’s Column – колонна Нельсона

the National Portrait Gallery – Национальная портретная галерея

cockney – кокни (уроженец средних или низших слоев лондонского Ист-Энда)

Упр. 6. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is the population of London?
2. What river does London stand on?
3. What parts is London divided into?
4. Why is the City called the business centre of London?
5. Who is buried in the Westminster Abbey?
6. Why is the central square in London named Trafalgar Square?

Упр. 7. Завершите предложения

1. London is situated on the banks of the river …
2. The oldest part of London is …
3. The population of London is …
4. The aristocratic official part of London is called …
5. The symbol of wealth and luxury is …
6. The industrial district of London is called …
7. The well-known people of England are buried in …
8. One of the busiest shopping centers in London is in … street.
9. The place where the Monarch lives is called …
10. In the middle of Trafalgar Square there is a …
11. Old residents of the East End call themselves …

Упр. 8. Переведите предложения на английский язык

1. Лондон – самый большой город в Европе. Он простирается почти на 30 миль.
2. Вместе с окраинами и пригородными районами город называется «Большой Лондон».
3. «Сити» - это старейшая часть города. Именно с этого места начал расти Лондон.
4. Во время второй мировой войны «Сити» был сильно разрушен.
5. Трафальгарская площадь – это то место, где обычно проводятся различные демонстрации.
6. Картинные галереи Лондона – богатейшие в мире.
7. «Сохо» - район города, где живут люди творческих профессий: художники, писатели, артисты.
8. Британский музей содержит большое количество древних рукописей, монет, скульптур.
9. Лондон гордится своими прекрасными мостами через Темзу. Из 15 мостов наиболее известны Лондонский, Тауэрский и Вестминстерский мосты.

Упр. 9. Расскажите о Лондоне