Вчера мы получили телеграмму
этой фирмы.
Разрешите вам напомнить...
обсудить (изменить)
создавшееся положение.
Нет причин для беспокойства.
Поясните свою мысль конкретнее.
Мы бы просили вас...
Я в этом совершенно уверен,
стремиться к соглашению
Вы не пожалеете.
Что касается вашего
предложения...
Я понимаю, что вы имеете в виду.
Это вам решать.
Здесь мы договорились.
Что мы будем делать дальше?
В конце концов...
обязательно
The cable of the firm reached
us yesterday.
May I remind you...
to discuss (to improve)
the situation.
There is no reason to worry.
Would you be more specific, please.
We would request you to...
I’m quite positive about it.
to seek agreement
You won’t regret it.
Regarding your offer...
I see your point.
It’s up to you to decide.
We are with you here.
What do we do next?
In the end...
by all means
Task 3. Translate into Russian the expressions on the left and react to the statements in a polite manner using the suggestions given on the right.
It goes contrary to our plans.
It’s next to impossible.
I’m sorry to say no.
We are eager for lunch.
It was hard talks, but it’s
all over now!
My secretary will fix you up
with all you need.
We’ve captured a big contract
to supply...
We all have to adjust
to new situations.
Our arrangement will operate
immediately.
Perhaps we can settle for.
May I trouble you
to consider our plan.
Жаль, что...
Не наша вина...
Что поделаешь...
Время прощаться.
(Благодарность за участие
в переговорах.)
Вы очень любезны.
Какая удача!
Попытаемся...
Всегда готовы помочь.
Само собой! Хорошо!
Сделаем все возможное
Task 4. Read and learn some idioms уou may hear during the talks with your foreign partners.
Лучше синица в руках,
чем журавль в небе,
брать быка за рога
открыть карты
витать в облаках
любой ценой
идти на компромисс
A bird in the hand is worth
two in the bush,
to take the bull by the horns
to lay cards on the table
to be in the clouds
at all costs
to split the difference
проше простого
поставить все на карту
по крайней мере
знать толк в чем-либо
найти общий язык с...
Игра стоит свеч.
не откладывая дела в долгий ящик
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стоять на своем
без сучка, без задоринки
ставить точки над i
easy as ABC
to put all one’s eggs in one basket
at all events
to have an eye for something
to see eye to eye with...
The game is worth the candle.
to let no grass grow under one’s feet
to stand one’s ground
without a hitch
to cross a “t” and dot an “i”
Gratitude
Task 5. You meet a foreign delegation arrived in your home town. They bring
Many presents for representatives of your firm. Write the plot of a short play
And act it out. Use the expressions of gratitude given below.
Спасибо! Thank you.
Спасибо, да. Yes, please.
Спасибо, нет. No, thank you.
Спасибо вам за...
Большое спасибо!
Спасибо, что навестили нас.
Спасибо за то, что не забываете нас.
Даже не знаю, как вас благодарить.
Я вам очень признателен.
Позвольте выразить вам нашу
благодарность.
Мы вам так благодарны!
Thank you for...
Thank you so/very much.
Thanks a lot.
Thank you for coming to see us.
Thanks for the visit.
Thank you for remembering us.
Thank you for keeping in touch.
I don’t know how to thank you.
Thank you. Much obliged.
I would like to express our gratitude.
We are so grateful to you!
13. Think of and write a larger play on private business talks. Use the
expressions of this lesson and previous ones.
Task 6. Act as the Chairman at a press conference on the problems of studies and work abroad.
UNIT 10
WHY DO WE LWARN FOREIGN LANDUADES?
ENGLISH TODAY
1. Прочитайте следующие слова с долгим [i:] и кратким [I].
| [i:] | [i] |
| seed | pin |
| read | thin |
| easy | think |
| field | give |
| leaves | live |
| speak | English |
| meat | India |
| wheat | lift |
2. Прочитайте следующие пары слов. Обратите внимание на смыс- лоразличительную функцию долготы звука в словах.
sheep (овца) ship (корабль)
seat (место) sit (сидеть)
lead (вести) lid (веко)
deed (дело) did (Past Indefinite от глагола to do)
these (эти) this (этот)
ease (покой) is [Iz] (Present Indefinite от глагола to be)
3. Прочитайте следующие слова. Следите, чтобы на конце звук [d] не оглушался. Глухой [t] произносится с придыханием.
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[d] [t]
deep mental
abroad consist
broaden tourism
divided land irrigate
reduce quality
include sweet
dairy potatoes
world cotton
translate
4. Прочитайте и выучите географические названия и слова:
the United Kingdom Соединенное Королевство (Великобритании и Северной Ирландии)
Canada Канада
the Irish Republic Ирландская Республика
the Republic of South Africa Южно-Африканская
Australia Австралия республика
New Zealand Новая Зеландия
Vocabulary
distance расстояние reason причина
especially в особенности billion миллиард
population население
official language государственный язык
government правительство politics политика
diplomacy дипломатия science наука
technology техника trade торговля
fax [faeks] факс scientific научный
educated образованный, культурный
process процесс patience терпение
it's a must это просто необходимо; без этого нельзя
throughout the world no всему миру
nursery school детский сад
5. Прочитайте и перевдите тескт:
The modern world is becoming smaller all the time. Every day distances between different countries seem less. For this reason it's becoming more and more important to know different languages, especially English.
One billion people speak English today. That's about 20% of the world's population.
400 million people speak English as their first language. For the other 600 million people it's either a second language or a foreign language.
English is the first language in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. It is one of the official languages in Canada, the Irish Republic and the Republic of South Africa.
As a second language English is spoken in more than 60 countries. It is used by the government, businessmen and universities.
English is the language of politics and diplomacy, science and technology, business and trade, sport and pop music.
80% of all information in the world's computers is in English.
75% of the world's letters and faxes are in English.
60% of all international telephone calls are made in English.
More than 60% of all scientific journals are written in English.
To know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated person, for every good specialist. Learning a language is not an easy thing. It's a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. But it's a must.
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English is taught throughout the world and a lot of people speak it quite well. In our country English is very popular: it is studied at schools (sometimes even at nursery schools), colleges and universities.
Everyone will speak English soon — I'm sure of it. We all need to
understand each other. To do that we need an international language, and that's English.
6. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Why is it necessary to know English today?
2. English is a world language, isn't it?
3. How many people speak English?
4. In what countries is English the official language (one of the official languages)?
5. Is English popular in Russia?
6. Is learning languages an easy thing?
7. When did you begin learning English?
8. How long have you been learning English?
9. Have you read any books in English?
10. Have you seen any films in English?
11. Have you ever visited an English-speaking country?
12. What other languages would you like to know?
7.Прочитайте и переведите:
at least - по крайней мере We need at least two days to finish our work.
way of thinking - образ мышления My way of thinking differs from yours very much.
mental abilities - умственные способности to develop one's mental abilities
to appreciate - оценить (высоко, по достоинству) I appreciate your help.
to broaden one's outlook - расширить чей-либо кругозор
Travelling broadens people's outlook.
value - ценность, значение cultural values, moral values
job promotion - продвижение по службе He will get a job promotion very soon.
to improve - улучшать to improve one's English
quality - качество
fine (good, high) quality, low (poor) quality
to reduce - уменьшать to reduce food prices
to obtain - получать to obtain very good results
to require - требовать The house requires rebuilding.
task – задача to cope with a task, a difficult task
major - главный, основной major part, major problem
area – область He is a specialist in the area of economics.
entertainment - развлечение There is not much entertainment in this town.
world community - мировое сообщество Ecological problems are the concern (забота) of the whole world community.
purpose - цель on purpose - нарочно on purpose to. - с целью. to fulfill one's purpose
urgent - актуальный an urgent problem
8. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.
At least ten people, a strange way of thinking, high mental abilities, to appreciate deeply (greatly, very much), to broaden one's outlook by reading, to be of no value, to get a job promotion, to improve the quality of products, to obtain no results, to require good quality, an easy task, major industry, in the area of biology, to everyone's entertainment, the problems of the world community, to do something on purpose, to be in urgent need of something.
9. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Why is the knowledge of a foreign language important for an educated person?
How can a foreign language help people in their work?
What do we call people who know several languages?
How can the knowledge of a foreign language help people who go abroad?
Why is it a good idea to study English as a foreign language?
Studying Foreign Languages
Today it is quite evident that everyone should know at least one foreign language. Knowing one or more foreign languages makes it possible to get to know different ways of thinking, to understand a new culture. Learning a foreign language stimulates mental abilities and gives you a chance to appreciate a new literature, a different culture and to broaden your outlook.
Besides, knowing foreign languages has a practical value. It makes it easier to choose a profession and helps to get a job promotion. It helps to improve the quality of your work, because it reduces the time lost on obtaining the necessary information. At present many professions require a working knowledge of at least one foreign language.
There are a lot of people who know several languages. They are called polyglots. The more languages a person knows, the easier he masters a new one. As polyglots say it is difficult to begin. But when you start learning a third language «everything goes on smoothly». It is within everyone's power to know, read and speak a foreign language. But one should regard learning a foreign language as a very important and serious task. The knowledge of other languages is very useful, especially if you have to work abroad or if you must read foreign literature in the original. If you know the language of a foreign country, you can talk to its people and understand what they are speaking about without anybody's help.
It's a good idea to study English as a foreign language. It is not only the national or official language of some thirty states, which represent different cultures, but it is also the major international language of communication in such areas as science, technology, business and mass entertainment. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization and other organizations. It is the language of literature, education, modern music, and international tourism.
Belarus is integrating into the world community and learning English for the purpose of communication is especially urgent today.
10. Ознакомьтесь с данной ниже информацией и продолжите список.
You'd be surprised how many people very often need English to do their jobs properly.
Long-distance lorry drivers travelling between Berlin and London.
Pilots, captains of ships and sailors (English is the international language of air and sea travel).
People who want to do business in English-speaking countries.
People who organize sports meetings.
People who translate songs or books from English into Russian.
Travel agents who organize tours to Britain, America or other English-speaking countries.
Referees at international football matches.
11. Ознакомьтесь с некоторыми интересными статистическими данными относительно английского и некоторых других широко распространенных языков.
English Today
English is a first language in 12 countries.
The number of speakers is 350 million.
• People use English as a second language in 33 countries.
The number of speakers is 400 million.
• People study English as a foreign language in 56 countries.
• The 10 most frequent words in English are: the, of, and, a, to, in, is, you, that, it.
• The 10 most studied foreign languages are English, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Arabic, German, Chinese, Japanese and Turkish.
12. Заполните пропуски словами first, second или foreign.
In India English is a... language.
In Brazil English is a... language.
In New Zealand English is a... language.
In France English is a... language.
In Belarus English is a... language.
13. Изучите материал по словообразованию и выполните приветденные ниже упражнения:
Суффиксы -er, -or образуют существительные от глаголов и обозначают действующее лицо или механизм, выполняющий действие.
to teach (обучать) - teacher (учитель)
to direct (руководить) - director (руководитель)
- Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -er и переведите их на русский язык.
To work, to farm, to plant, to grow, to lead, to write, to read, to speak, to sleep, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to found, to compose.
- Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -or и переведите их на русский язык.
To act, to visit, to direct, to invent, to generate, to indicate, to translate, to refrigerate, to collect, to select, to instruct, to dictate, to conduct.
- Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. Are you a smoker?
2. Are you a good dancer?
3. Are you a heavy sleeper?
4. Who is an early riser in your family?
5. Is your friend a great talker?
UNIT 11
ENGLISH IN OUR LIFE
People began to speak many centuries ago, and since then they have been speaking different languages. Every language reflects the soul, behaviour and temperament of each nationality. Peoples created their own alphabets and rules, but they always wanted to communicate with each other, to understand and to know more about each other. Languages help people to understand each other better, they help them to solve different economic and political problems, which stands before them, and so people learn foreign languages
All languages are different. Some are very hard, some are easier, some are similar, but there are no identical languages in the whole world. There are more than 2,700 languages in the world. Many of them are "alive" because people use them, but there are some "dead" languages, for example Latin.
Two thousands years ago, Latin was the world's most important international language. Today this title belongs to English. It's a global language of travel, business, pop culture, sport and science.
Over one billion people speak English. That's almost one fifth of the world's population. For over 400 million it's their first language. For the other 600 million it's either a second language or a foreign language.
Today, in fact, over 250 million people are learning English. That's more than the population of the USA
The average person in Britain has a vocabulary of between 10,000 and 15,000 words. In his plays William Shakespeare used a vocabulary of about 30,000 words. Shakespeare was born over 400 years ago. At that time, only six or seven million people spoke English.
Now English is spoken practically all over the world, it has become the world's most important language in politics, science, trade and cultural relations. It is spoken as a mother tongue in Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Besides, a lot of people speak English in Japan, India, China, Africa and many other countries. English is one of the official languages of the United Nation Organisation. Half of the world's scientific literature is in English. It is the language of computer technology
To my mind English is worth studying. There is a proverb: "A new language is a new world". "Knowledge is a power", one great man said. Speaking a foreign language one can not only read the papers, magazines and original books by outstanding writers, but as well watch satellite programmes, travel easily to different parts of the world. Besides, understanding and speaking a foreign language became necessary while applying for a good and well-paid job.
Now I know that it is a must for XXI century professional no matter what job to choose. The world is getting smaller and international connections tighter. A lot of foreign delegations keep coming to our country, hundreds of joint ventures have appeared in every city of our country recently. So without doubt you can't do without learning this beautiful language
Vocabulary
to reflect — отражать soul — душа
behaviour — образ действий, манеры, поведение
to create — создавать similar(to) — подобный, похожий, сходный
average — нормальный, обыкновенный, обычный, средний
a mother tongue— родной язык
worth — достойный, заслуживающий satellite— спутниковый
to apply for — обращаться с просьбой, заявлением (особ, в письменной форме); for — за чем-л.
well-paid job — хорошо оплачиваемая работа
joint venture — совместное предприятие
do without — обходиться без
1 Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What was the world's most important international language two thousands years ago?
2. How many people speak English as their first language, a second language or a foreign language?
3. How many languages are there in the world?
4. How large is the vocabulary of the average British person?
5. Where is English spoken?
6. Why do you learn English?
2. Согласны вы или не согласны со следующими утсверждениями? Почему?
Do you agree or disagree? Why?
· English is the best way to escape from everyday life!
· Learning English will make you not so lonely!
· Think of English in your career!
· Communication is a universal means of practising your English.
· Creative personality can’t be done without English peculiarity.
· Creation in English is the mighty source of education.
· Study English not to be alone!
· Study English, the language of the Universe!
· I have chosen the language that will help me change the world. What about you?
· The world chooses topic. However, you choose the language.
· You are free in your choice.
Your choice is your freedom.
My freedom is English, a foreign language!
English was, English is, English will always be!
· The modern world is becoming smaller all the time. Every day distances between different countries seem less. For this reason it’s becoming more and more important to know different languages, especially English.
3 Подберите определения из правого столбика к выражениям из левого:
Match the following idioms with their meanings.
| 1. to talk the same language | a. Correct English. It may be spoken in any accent, provided it is clear and intelligible. |
| 2. broken English | b. To learn a language by listening to native speakers without taking lessons and studying the grammar rules and vocabulary. |
| 3. pidgin English | c. Humour that is logical and intellectual, wit rather than humour. |
| 4. it's all Greek to me | d. To share a common background with the person one is speaking to, to share the same problems and difficulties. |
| 5. Gallic humour | e. Badly spoken English, containing many mistakes in grammar and pronunciation. |
| 6. to pick up a language | f. A corrupt, simplified form of English used by many people in Papua New Guinea and the Far East for trading. |
| 7. Queen's English | g. I can’t understand a word of it, it’s like listening to a foreign language. |
4 Вы получили письмо от англоговорящего друга Джека. Напишите ему ответ.
This year we started learning French. I think it’s fun. I can already use some simple phrases. I like the melody of the language, but it’s quite difficult to pronounce some sounds. Is English the only foreign language that pupils learn in Russia or can you choose other foreign languages? Is it fun to learn a foreign language for you? How do you plan to use it in the future?
… By the way, I was elected to our School Government and hope to get the position of the Minister of Sports…
5 Задайте 5 answer his questions
6 Ask 3 questions about the rights and responsibilities of members of the School Government.
7 Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
UNIT 12
THE WORLD OF PROFESSIONS.