1. before she became an engineer;
2. a year ago;
3. at that time yesterday;
4. already;
5. by 6 o clock tomorrow;
Образец выполнения:
They (make) cars at the plant.
1.already
2. last month
1. They have already made cars at the plant.
2. They made cars at the plant last month.
Задание 2. Не переводя всего предложения, употребите английский глагол в нужной форме:
1. Завтра они будут писать реферат по истории. (write) 2. Этот рабочий сочетает учёбу с работой. (combine) 3. Завтра студенты посетят лекцию профессора Грина. (attend) 4. Исследователи показали результаты своей двухлетней работы экспертной комиссии до начала научной конференции в прошлую пятницу. (show) 5. Его отец возглавляет лабораторию уже в течение 7 лет. (head)
Образец выполнения:
1. Каждый час радио передает ( broadcast) новости. – broadcasts.
Задание 3. Задайте вопросы к предложениям, начиная их словами в скобках:
1. Alex s fellow students are usually in time for classes. (Where) 2. His mother headed the laboratory after she had worked many years at the plant. (When) 3. They are examining samples of raw materials now. (What kind of…) 4. She speaks several foreign languages. (What) 5. Workers get to their laboratory by bus (How)
Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за гра-ницей. – His friends travel abroad every autumn, don’t they?
Задание 4. Задайте разделительные вопросы:
1. Last month our research laboratory was not developing a new method of analysis of ores at that period. 2. After classes my fellow-student usually works hard at the institute library. 3. Oleg and his friend will get valuable results. 4. Anton and I keep regular hours. 5. Ann shares her room with a third - year student.
Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за гра-ницей. – His friends travel abroad every autumn, don’t they?
Задание 5. Задайте вопросы к подлежащему:
1. I go to the library every week. 2. Max's fellow-students were at the lecture in mechanical drawing two hours ago. 2. Research workers have been equipping the experiment for three months. 4. I will write the report in History tomorrow. 5. We are engaged in metallurgy.
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Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за границей. – Who travels abroad every autumn?
Задание 6. Напишите предложения в отрицательной форме:
1. She studies Italian and French at the courses of foreign languages. 2. The students went to Australia to master English last week. 3. Reading aloud is very useful for graduates. 4. It will take us 25 minutes to go to the institute by tram. 5. There are red flags on the top of the building.
Задание 7. Переведите текст в письменной форме:
In production engineering, metallurgy is concerned with the production of metallic components for use in consumer or engineering products. This involves the production of alloys, the shaping, the heat treatment and the surface treatment of the product.
The task of the metallurgist is to achieve balance between material properties such as cost, weight, strength, toughness, hardness, corrosion, fatigue resistance, and performance in temperature extremes.
To achieve this goal, the operating environment must be carefully considered. In a saltwater environment, ferrous metals and some aluminium alloys corrode quickly. Metals exposed to cold or cryogenic conditions may endure a ductile to brittle transition and lose their toughness, becoming more brittle and prone to cracking. Metals under continual cyclic loading can suffer from metal fatigue. Metals under constant stress at elevated temperatures can creep.
Metalworking processes
Metals are shaped by processes such as:
· casting – molten metal is poured into a shaped mold.
· forging – a red-hot billet is hammered into shape.
· flow forming
· rolling – a billet is passed through successively narrower rollers to create a sheet.
· Laser cladding – metallic powder is blown through a movable laser beam (e.g. mounted on a NC 5-axis machine). The resulting melted metal reach a substrate to form a melt pool. By moving the laser head, it is possible to stack the tracks and build up a 3D piece.
· extrusion – a hot and malleable metal is forced under pressure through a die, which shapes it before it cools.
· sintering – a powdered metal is heated in a non-oxidizing environment after being compressed into a die.
· metal working
· machining – lathes, milling machines, and drills cut the cold metal to shape.
· fabrication – sheets of metal are cut with guillotines or gas cutters and bent and welded into structural shape.
Вариант № 12
Задание 1. Измените глагол в предложениях в зависимости от обстоятельств: