1.already
2. last month
1. They have already made cars at the plant.
2. They made cars at the plant last month.
Задание 2. Не переводя всего предложения, употребите английский глагол в нужной форме:
1. Лаборанты исследуют новый сплав в течение двух месяцев (examine). 2. П.П.Аносов справился (cope) с проблемой «булатной» стали много лет тому назад. 3. Учёный только что закончил проводить (make) опыт с образцами металла. 4. Они разрабатывают (develop) современные способы исследования открытого пространства. 5. Мой сокурсник станет (become) высококвалифицированным специалистом после окончания заочного института.
Образец выполнения:
1. Каждый час радио передаетновости ( broadcast). – broadcasts.
Задание 3. Задайте вопросы к предложениям, начиная их словами в скобках:
1. Students go to the gym for a P.T class. (Where) 2. Foreign students have been working for many hours at their Russian. (What) 3. They have developed a new kind of an alloy this month at their scientific laboratory. (What) 4. Laboratory assistants examined a sample of raw material at their shop. (What kind of …) 5. His lecture usually begins at 8 о'clock. (When)
Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за гра-ницей. – His friends travel abroad every autumn, don’t they?
Задание 4. Задайте разделительные вопросы:
1. It takes British students three years to get a Bachelor's degree. 2. Alex's sister graduated from the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys. 3. The laboratory assistants have been examining the new sample for three months. 4. There is some acid in the test-tube. 5. Oleg and I will become graduates in 3 years.
Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за границей. – His friends travel abroad every autumn, don’t they?
Задание 5. Задайте вопросы к подлежащему:
1. Many graduates are going to work at the Research Institute of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy. 2. They have been developing new alloys for three years. 3. I shall have graduated from the Institute in five years. 4. They develop new methods of exploration of space. 5. The machines are in operation.
Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за границей. – Who travels abroad every autumn?
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Задание 6. Напишите предложения в отрицательной форме:
1.There are devices here for our experiments. 2. Miss. Adamson works near our office. 3. They have been preparing for a new experiment for 2 hours already. 4. Helen worked very hard last term. 5. At ten о'clock yesterday morning she was having a test.
Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за границей. – His friends do not travel abroad every autumn.
Задание 7. Переведите текст в письменной форме:
Many mechanical engineering companies, especially those in industrialized nations, have begun to incorporate computer-aided engineering (CAE) programs into their existing design and analysis processes, including 2D and 3D solid modeling computer-aided design (CAD). This method has many benefits, including easier and more exhaustive visualization of products, the ability to create virtual assemblies of parts, and the ease of use in designing mating interfaces and tolerances.
Other CAE programs commonly used by mechanical engineers include product lifecycle management (PLM) tools and analysis tools used to perform complex simulations. Analysis tools may be used to predict product response to expected loads, including fatigue life and manufacturability. These tools include finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).
Using CAE programs, a mechanical design team can quickly and cheaply iterate the design process to develop a product that better meets cost, performance, and other constraints. No physical prototype need be created until the design nears completion, allowing hundreds or thousands of designs to be evaluated, instead of a relative few. In addition, CAE analysis programs can model complicated physical phenomena which cannot be solved by hand, such as viscoelasticity, complex contact between mating parts, or non-Newtonian flows.
As mechanical engineering begins to merge with other disciplines, as seen in mechatronics, multidisciplinary design optimization(MDO) is being used with other CAE programs to automate and improve the iterative design process. MDO tools wrap around existing CAE processes, allowing product evaluation to continue even after the analyst goes home for the day. They also utilize sophisticated optimization algorithms to more intelligently explore possible designs, often finding better, innovative solutions to difficult multidisciplinary design problems.
Вариант №2
Задание 1. Измените глагол в предложениях в зависимости от обстоятельств: