Discuss the following questions:
1) In what other ways are computers used at home, or outside work?
2) Do you own a PC?
3) If you already have a PC, how do you use it?
4) What services do computers in business provide?
5) How do ecologists use computers?
6) Where can we find computers in our life?
7) What computer manufactures do you know?
8) What purposes do you use your own computer?
IX. Retell the text.
UNIT 2.
I. Learn the following words and expressions:
bit – binary digit – двоичныйкод
byte - байт
CD – compactdisk – компакт-диск
CD-rewriter – устройство перезаписи
CD-ROMdrive – дисковод для компакт дисков
character – знак, символ
computer - компьютер
CPU – centralprocessingunit – центральныйпроцессор
desktop – настольный компьютер
device – устройство
display - дисплей
drive - дисковод
DVD – DigitalVersatileDisk – цифровойвидеодиск
floppydiskdrive – накопитель на гибких магнитных дисках
graphics - графика
harddrive – накопитель на жестких дисках
hardware – аппаратное обеспечение
hertz - герц
image - изображение
inch – дюйм
key – клавиша, кнопка
keyboard - клавиатура
kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte – килобайт, мегабайт, гигабайт
letter - буква
measurement - измерение
megahertz, gigahertz – мегагерц, гигагерц
memory - память
monitor - монитор
mouse - мышь
movement - движение
operation - операция
OS – operating /operation system – операционнаясистема
PC – Personalcomputer- персональныйкомпьютер
performance - производительность
peripherals - периферийныеустройства
picture – картинка
printer - принтер
processor - процессор
program - программа
programmer – программист
RAM – RandomAccessMemory – оперативнаяпамять
rate - скорость
ROM – ReadOnlyMemory – постоянное запоминающее устройство
screen - экран
size - размер
software – программное обеспечение
speed - скорость
storage – хранилище, память
storagedevice – запоминающее устройство
tocompute - вычислять
to control - управлять
to display - показывать
to measure - измерять
tomonitor - контролировать
tomove - двигать
tooperate – работать, действовать, функционировать
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to perform - выполнять
to print - распечатывать
toprocess - обрабатывать
toprogram - программировать
toremove – передвигать, перемещать
to run - запускать
tostore - хранить
totype – набирать текст
tower –системныйблок
unit -часть
2. Study the following text:
Computers
The parts of a computer you can touch, such as the monitor or the Central Processing Unit (CPU) are hardware. All hardware except the CPU and the working memory are called peripherals. Computer programs are software. The operating system(OS) is software that controls the hardware. Most computers run the Microsoft Windows OS. MacOS and Linux are other operating systems.
As well as the hardware (the machines), you also need software (the programs needed to work the machines). These programs are on disks, e.g. the hard disk inside the computer, or floppy disks or on CD-ROMs (Compact Disc Read Only Memory, a CD on which you can put a large amount of information).
The CPU controls how fast the computer processes data, or information. We measure its speed in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). The higher the speed of the CPU, the faster the computer will run. You can type letters and play computer games with a 500 MHz CPU. Watching movies on the Internet needs a faster CPU and a modem.
We measure the Random Access Memory (RAM) of the computer in megabytes (MB). RAM controls the performance of the computer when it is working and moves data to and from the CPU. Programs with a lot of graphics need a large RAM to run well. The hard disk stores data and software programs. We measure the size of the hard disk in gigabytes (GB).
Computer technology changes fast, but a desktop PC (Personal Computer) usually has a tower, a separate monitor, a keyboard and a mouse. The CPU, modem, CD-ROM and floppy disk drives are usually inside the tower. A notebook is a portable computer with all these components inside one small unit. Notebooks have a screen, not a monitor, and are usually more expensive than desktops with similar specifications.
Using the mouse, you can do a number of things by clicking on different icons (moving the mouse to point at different pictures at the top of the screen).
What do people use computers for?
A word processor is a computer used to prepare documents or letters, or the software that is used for this purpose. Many people use their computers for word processing, e.g. writing letters and reports. A lot of business people use spreadsheets (a program used to enter and arrange numbers and financial information) and databases (programs which allow you to store, look at or change a large amount of information quickly and easily). Some people also use graphics (the pictures and symbols a computer program can produce).
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More and more people are becoming computer-literate (have experience of working with computers and know how to use them) as many programs and machines are so user-friendly (easy to use). You can now connect your computer to computers all over the world using the Internet (a system that allows computers to connect using telephone lines). People send each other e-mail (electronic mail) messages using this system or network. If your computer is slow it may need more memory. It may crash (stop working) if there is not enough memory or if it has a bug (a software problem; also a virus). Make sure you make a back-up copy of your work (an extra copy on a floppy disk).
III. chose the correct translation:
1) to measure
| a) обрабатывать | b) выполнять | c) измерять | d) запускать |
2) device
| а) экран | b) устройство | c) привод | d) память |
3) to run
| a) обрабатывать | b) выполнять | c) измерять | d) запускать |
4) screen
| а) экран | b) устройство | c) привод | d) память |
5) drive
| а) экран | b) устройство | c) привод | d) память |
6) size
| a) размер | b) скорость | c) память | d) привод |
7) to perform
| a) обрабатывать | b) выполнять | c) измерять | d) запускать |
8) to process
| a) обрабатывать | b) выполнять | c) измерять | d) запускать |
9) speed
| a) размер | b) скорость | c) память | d) привод |
10)storage
| а) экран | b) устройство | c) привод | d) память |
IV. Match the words with their meanings:
| a) keyboard b) desktop c) unit d) performance e) operate f) device g) type h) process i) store j) part | 1) набирать 2) устройство 3) работать 4) обрабатывать 5) клавиатура 6) хранить 7) блок 8) деталь 9) настольный 10) быстродействие |
V. Match the words with their definitions:
| a) character b) hardware c) megabyte d) performance e) process f) software g) store h) image i) device j) megahertz | 1) how well or badly a computer, machine, etc. works or does smth 2) the programs used by a computer 3) a single letter, number or space that is typed in a computer document 4) a copy or picture of sth seen on a computer 5) the machinery and electronic parts of a computer system that you can touch 6) to keep information or data in a computer's memory 7) a unit for measuring the speed of a CPU. 8) a tool or a piece of equipment made for a particular purpose 9) a unit for measuring computer memory 10) (used about a computer) to read data and use it to perform a series of tasks (operations) |
VI. Make up two-word expressions:
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| to process to control to watch a binary an operation to type to measure to play to run a storage | movies a program games data hardware device digit system size letters |
VII. Make up three-word expressions:
| Central Random Read Hard Digital | Access Versatile Only Processing Disk | Disk Drive Memory Memory Unit |
VIII. Find synonyms:
| character speed device keep image software storage operate part computer | picture machine work rate component store letter program hardware memory |
IX. Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
| measure, CPU, graphics,movies, run, processes, RAM |
1) Most computers ___ the Microsoft Windows OS.
2) We ___ the size of the hard disk in gigabytes.
3) Watching ___ on the Internet needs a faster ___.
4) The CPU controls how fast the computer ___data.
5) Programs with a lot of ___ need a large ___to run well
X. Guess what it is:
1) a device that can read and write to writable disks
2) a tool or a piece of equipment made for a particular purpose
3) the part of the computer that reads and stores information on disks
4) a machine that is connected to a computer and that prints on paper
5) the set of buttons (keys) that you press to operate a computer
6) a separate part of a PC with a large screen that shows information from the computer
7) a small device that you move across a surface with your hand to control the movement of the cursor
8) the general term used for a computer, which usually consists of a monitor, a tower, a keyboard and a mouse
9) any piece of hardware (= machinery, etc. that forms part of or is connected to a computer) apart from the CPU and the working memory (RAM)
10) a metal box that contains the CPU, hard disk drive and power supply for a PC
XI. Look at these words. Write H (hardware), P (peripheral), S (software) or M (measurement) next to each one:
CPU, MacOS, megabyte (MB), printer, RAM, megahertz (MHZ), mouse, modem, Linux, scanner, gigabyte (GB).
XII. Ask and answer the questions:
1) Do you have a computer at home? If so, what is it?
2) Do you use computers at university? If swo, hat type?
3) What do you use them for?
4) Would you say you’re computer-literate?
5) Do you find most computers user-friendly?
6) What software programs are you familiar with?
7) Do you use e-mail?
8) Have you used CD-ROM? If so, what for?
9) Do you think “The Internet” has an important influence on our daily lives? Do you think it’s important in helping people from different countries to learn English?
XIII. Work in pairs. Complete each sentence with one of the words in the list:
| disk disk drive display hard disk keyboard menu monitor microprocessor modem mouse operating system printer RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory) software |
1) A _____ is what you use to put information into the computer. 2) The _____ is where you place the disks to start the program. 3) The _____ shows what you type and the computer’s calculations. 4) The _____ is what you can actually see. 5) The ______ is a list of information that lets you choose what to do next. 6) The _____ is used for making hard copies of what you can see. 7) Information is stored outside the computer on ______. 8) Many modern computers have a _____, with which you can move an arrow to point at different parts of the screen. 9) The _____ is the heart of the computer and controls everything it does. 10) _____ is another term for the programs you on a computer. 11) A _____ is a device which connects a computer to a telephone line. 12) As an alternative to putting information on a floppy disk you can use a _____. 13) _____ are chips in the computer with permanent instructions and programs which you can’t alter. 14) The _____ is a complex set of instructions which tells the computer how to carry out different tasks. 15) _____ is the facility the computer uses to store programming information temporarily. The bigger this is the more complicated the tasks the computer can carry out.